diff --git a/src/ast_compiler.rs b/src/ast_compiler.rs
index d09555b..fd16802 100644
--- a/src/ast_compiler.rs
+++ b/src/ast_compiler.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ use crate::tokens::TokenType::{
 };
 use crate::tokens::{Token, TokenType};
 use crate::value::Value;
+use crate::{Expr, Stmt, SymbolTable};
 use log::debug;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use crate::{Expr, Stmt, SymbolTable};
 
 pub fn compile(
     path: Option<&str>,
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ impl AstCompiler {
             Err(self.raise(UnexpectedIndent(indent_on_line, expected_indent)))
         } else if indent_on_line < expected_indent {
             self.indent.pop();
-            return Ok(None);
+            Ok(None)
         } else {
             Ok(Some(self.declaration(symbol_table)?))
         }
@@ -139,13 +139,13 @@ impl AstCompiler {
     }
 
     fn guard_if_expr(&mut self, symbol_table: &mut SymbolTable) -> Expr {
-        while !self.check(&SingleRightArrow) {
-            if self.match_token(&[Slash]) {
-                return self.path_guard_expr();
+        if !self.check(&SingleRightArrow) {
+            return if self.match_token(&[Slash]) {
+                self.path_guard_expr()
             } else if self.match_token(&[TokenType::Question]) {
-                return self.query_guard_expr(symbol_table);
+                self.query_guard_expr(symbol_table)
             } else {
-                return Err(self.raise(Expected("-> or ?")));
+                Err(self.raise(Expected("-> or ?")))
             }
         }
         Ok(Stop {
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ impl AstCompiler {
         mut expr: Expression,
         symbol_table: &mut SymbolTable,
     ) -> Expr {
-        while self.match_token(&types) {
+        while self.match_token(types) {
             let operator = self.previous().clone();
             let right = self.comparison(symbol_table)?;
             expr = Expression::Binary {
@@ -431,8 +431,7 @@ impl AstCompiler {
                 right: Box::new(right),
             })
         } else {
-            let expr = self.get(symbol_table);
-            expr
+            self.get(symbol_table)
         }
     }
 
@@ -541,7 +540,7 @@ impl AstCompiler {
                 line: self.peek().line,
                 literaltype: Integer,
                 value: Value::U32(
-                    u32::from_str_radix(&self.previous().lexeme.trim_start_matches("0x"), 16)
+                    u32::from_str_radix(self.previous().lexeme.trim_start_matches("0x"), 16)
                         .map_err(|e| self.raise(ParseError(format!("{:?}", e))))?,
                 ),
             }
@@ -550,7 +549,7 @@ impl AstCompiler {
                 line: self.peek().line,
                 literaltype: Integer,
                 value: Value::U64(
-                    u64::from_str_radix(&self.previous().lexeme.trim_start_matches("0x"), 16)
+                    u64::from_str_radix(self.previous().lexeme.trim_start_matches("0x"), 16)
                         .map_err(|e| self.raise(ParseError(format!("{:?}", e))))?,
                 ),
             }
@@ -747,7 +746,7 @@ impl AstCompiler {
         if !self.is_at_end() {
             self.current += 1;
         }
-        &self.previous()
+        self.previous()
     }
 
     fn is_at_end(&self) -> bool {
diff --git a/src/builtins/builtin_functions.rs b/src/builtins/builtin_functions.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 7851127..0000000
--- a/src/builtins/builtin_functions.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-use crate::value::Value;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::sync::LazyLock;
-use crate::builtins::string::string_methods;
-use crate::errors::RuntimeError;
-
-pub(crate) type MethodFn = fn(Value, Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value, RuntimeError>;
-pub(crate) type MethodMap = HashMap<String, MethodFn>;
-pub(crate) type MethodTable = HashMap<String, MethodMap>;
-
-const METHODS: LazyLock<MethodTable> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    let mut table: MethodTable = HashMap::new();
-    table.insert("string".to_string(), string_methods());
-    table
-});
-
-pub(crate) fn insert(m: &mut MethodMap, name: &str, method: MethodFn) {
-    m.insert(name.to_string(), method);
-}
-
-pub fn call_builtin(
-    type_name: &str,
-    method_name: &str,
-    self_val: Value,
-    args: Vec<Value>,
-) -> Result<Value, RuntimeError> {
-    METHODS
-        .get(type_name)
-        .and_then(|methods| methods.get(method_name))
-        .ok_or_else(|| RuntimeError::FunctionNotFound(format!("{}.{}",type_name, method_name)))?
-        (self_val, args)
-}
-
diff --git a/src/builtins/mod.rs b/src/builtins/mod.rs
index 5d47111..7a80f53 100644
--- a/src/builtins/mod.rs
+++ b/src/builtins/mod.rs
@@ -1,2 +1,35 @@
-pub mod builtin_functions;
-mod string;
\ No newline at end of file
+mod string;
+
+use crate::value::Value;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::sync::LazyLock;
+use crate::builtins::string::string_methods;
+use crate::errors::RuntimeError;
+
+pub(crate) type MethodFn = fn(Value, Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value, RuntimeError>;
+pub(crate) type MethodMap = HashMap<String, MethodFn>;
+pub(crate) type MethodTable = HashMap<String, MethodMap>;
+
+static METHODS: LazyLock<MethodTable> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    let mut table: MethodTable = HashMap::new();
+    table.insert("string".to_string(), string_methods());
+    table
+});
+
+pub(crate) fn insert(m: &mut MethodMap, name: &str, method: MethodFn) {
+    m.insert(name.to_string(), method);
+}
+
+pub fn call(
+    type_name: &str,
+    method_name: &str,
+    self_val: Value,
+    args: Vec<Value>,
+) -> Result<Value, RuntimeError> {
+    METHODS
+        .get(type_name)
+        .and_then(|methods| methods.get(method_name))
+        .ok_or_else(|| RuntimeError::FunctionNotFound(format!("{}.{}",type_name, method_name)))?
+        (self_val, args)
+}
+
diff --git a/src/builtins/string.rs b/src/builtins/string.rs
index a036576..0914f08 100644
--- a/src/builtins/string.rs
+++ b/src/builtins/string.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use crate::builtins::builtin_functions::{insert, MethodMap};
+use crate::builtins::{insert, MethodMap};
 use crate::errors::RuntimeError;
 use crate::value::Value;
 
diff --git a/src/bytecode_compiler.rs b/src/bytecode_compiler.rs
index a009896..577f9d9 100644
--- a/src/bytecode_compiler.rs
+++ b/src/bytecode_compiler.rs
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ impl Compiler {
             } => {
                 let name_index = self
                     .chunk
-                    .find_constant(&name)
+                    .find_constant(name)
                     .unwrap_or_else(|| self.chunk.add_constant(Value::String(name.to_string())));
                 let function = symbols.get(name);
                 match function {
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ impl Compiler {
                     .find_constant(&receiver_type)
                     .unwrap_or_else(|| self.chunk.add_constant(Value::String(receiver_type)));
 
-                let name_index = self.chunk.find_constant(&method_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                let name_index = self.chunk.find_constant(method_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
                     self.chunk
                         .add_constant(Value::String(method_name.to_string()))
                 });
diff --git a/src/chunk.rs b/src/chunk.rs
index 4c3a98d..01bc33a 100644
--- a/src/chunk.rs
+++ b/src/chunk.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
 use crate::ast_compiler::Parameter;
 use crate::tokens::TokenType;
 use crate::value::Value;
 use crate::vm::{
     OP_ADD, OP_BITAND, OP_BITOR, OP_BITXOR, OP_CALL, OP_CONSTANT, OP_DEF_BOOL, OP_DEF_F32,
-    OP_DEF_F64, OP_DEF_I32, OP_DEF_I64, OP_DEF_LIST, OP_DEF_STRING, OP_DEFINE, OP_DIVIDE, OP_EQUAL,
-    OP_GET, OP_GREATER, OP_GREATER_EQUAL, OP_LESS, OP_LESS_EQUAL, OP_MULTIPLY, OP_NEGATE, OP_NOT,
-    OP_POP, OP_PRINT, OP_RETURN, OP_SHL, OP_SHR, OP_SUBTRACT, OP_DEF_MAP,
+    OP_DEF_F64, OP_DEF_I32, OP_DEF_I64, OP_DEF_LIST, OP_DEF_MAP, OP_DEF_STRING, OP_DEFINE,
+    OP_DIVIDE, OP_EQUAL, OP_GET, OP_GREATER, OP_GREATER_EQUAL, OP_LESS, OP_LESS_EQUAL, OP_MULTIPLY,
+    OP_NEGATE, OP_NOT, OP_POP, OP_PRINT, OP_RETURN, OP_SHL, OP_SHR, OP_SUBTRACT,
 };
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct Chunk {
@@ -17,16 +17,16 @@ pub struct Chunk {
     lines: Vec<usize>,
     pub(crate) object_defs: HashMap<String, Vec<Parameter>>,
     pub(crate) function_parameters: Vec<Parameter>,
-    pub vars: Vec<(TokenType, String)>
+    pub vars: Vec<(TokenType, String)>,
 }
 
 impl Chunk {
     pub(crate) fn find_constant(&self, p0: &String) -> Option<usize> {
         for (i, constant) in self.constants.iter().enumerate() {
-            if let Value::String(s) = constant {
-                if s == p0 {
-                    return Some(i);
-                }
+            if let Value::String(s) = constant
+                && s == p0
+            {
+                return Some(i);
             }
         }
         None
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ impl Chunk {
             lines: vec![],
             object_defs: HashMap::new(),
             function_parameters: vec![],
-            vars: vec![]
+            vars: vec![],
         }
     }
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl Chunk {
         self.vars.len() - 1
     }
 
-    pub (crate) fn add_object_def(&mut self, name: &str, fields: &[Parameter]){
+    pub(crate) fn add_object_def(&mut self, name: &str, fields: &[Parameter]) {
         self.object_defs.insert(name.to_string(), fields.to_vec());
     }
 
diff --git a/src/file_watch.rs b/src/file_watch.rs
index fbe5971..e2cc1f0 100644
--- a/src/file_watch.rs
+++ b/src/file_watch.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub fn start_watch_daemon(source: &str, registry: Arc<ArcSwap<HashMap<String, Ch
             let start = SystemTime::now();
             loop {
                 thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(50));
-                if let Ok(_) = rx.recv() {
+                if rx.recv().is_ok() {
                     file_changed = true;
                 }
                 if file_changed && SystemTime::now().duration_since(start).unwrap() > ONE_SEC {
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index 719846e..a6237ab 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -4,12 +4,8 @@ use crate::errors::CrudLangError::Platform;
 use crate::errors::{CompilerErrorAtLine, CrudLangError};
 use crate::scanner::scan;
 use crate::symbol_builder::Symbol;
-use crate::value::Value;
-use crate::vm::interpret;
-use arc_swap::ArcSwap;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fs;
-use std::sync::Arc;
 use walkdir::WalkDir;
 
 pub mod ast_compiler;
@@ -89,13 +85,13 @@ pub fn compile(src: &str) -> Result<HashMap<String, Chunk>, CrudLangError> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
-pub(crate) fn run(src: &str) -> Result<Value, CrudLangError> {
-    let tokens = scan(src)?;
-    let mut symbol_table = HashMap::new();
-    let ast = ast_compiler::compile(None, tokens, &mut symbol_table)?;
-    symbol_builder::build("", &ast, &mut symbol_table);
-    let mut registry = HashMap::new();
-    bytecode_compiler::compile(None, &ast, &symbol_table, &mut registry)?;
-    let registry = ArcSwap::from(Arc::new(registry));
-    interpret(registry.load(), "main").map_err(CrudLangError::from)
+pub(crate) fn run(src: &str) -> Result<value::Value, CrudLangError> {
+        let tokens = scan(src)?;
+        let mut symbol_table = HashMap::new();
+        let ast = ast_compiler::compile(None, tokens, &mut symbol_table)?;
+        symbol_builder::build("", &ast, &mut symbol_table);
+        let mut registry = HashMap::new();
+        bytecode_compiler::compile(None, &ast, &symbol_table, &mut registry)?;
+        let registry = arc_swap::ArcSwap::from(std::sync::Arc::new(registry));
+        vm::interpret(registry.load(), "main").map_err(CrudLangError::from)
 }
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index db2e12f..e457c1a 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -5,14 +5,12 @@ use axum::{Json, Router};
 use clap::Parser;
 use crudlang::chunk::Chunk;
 use crudlang::errors::CrudLangError;
-use crudlang::errors::CrudLangError::Platform;
 use crudlang::vm::interpret_async;
 use crudlang::{compile_sourcedir, map_underlying};
-use notify::Watcher;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use arc_swap::ArcSwap;
-use log::{debug, info};
+use log::info;
 
 /// A simple CLI tool to greet users
 #[derive(Parser, Debug)]
diff --git a/src/repl.rs b/src/repl.rs
index 480c693..bf888c1 100644
--- a/src/repl.rs
+++ b/src/repl.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ pub fn start(registry: Arc<ArcSwap<HashMap<String, Chunk>>>) -> Result<(), CrudL
             _ => {
                 let registry_copy = registry.load().clone();
                 let mut registry_copy = registry_copy.deref().clone();
-                match recompile(&input, &mut registry_copy){
+                match recompile(input, &mut registry_copy){
                     Ok(_)=> {
                         registry.store(Arc::new(registry_copy));
 
diff --git a/src/scanner.rs b/src/scanner.rs
index f44fe29..57340ac 100644
--- a/src/scanner.rs
+++ b/src/scanner.rs
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ impl Scanner {
                 _ => {
                     if c == '0' && self.peek() == 'x' {
                         self.hex_number()?;
-                    } else if is_digit(c) {
+                    } else if c.is_ascii_digit() {
                         self.number();
                     } else if is_alpha(c) {
                         self.identifier();
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ impl Scanner {
     fn hex_number(&mut self) -> Result<(), CompilerErrorAtLine> {
         self.advance();
         self.advance();
-        while is_digit(self.peek()) || is_alpha(self.peek()) {
+        while self.peek().is_ascii_hexdigit() {
             self.advance();
         }
         let value: String = self.chars[self.start..self.current].iter().collect();
@@ -182,11 +182,11 @@ impl Scanner {
     }
 
     fn number(&mut self) {
-        while is_digit(self.peek()) {
+        while self.peek().is_ascii_digit() {
             self.advance();
         }
         let mut has_dot = false;
-        if self.peek() == '.' && is_digit(self.peek_next()) {
+        if self.peek() == '.' && self.peek_next().is_ascii_digit() {
             has_dot = true;
             self.advance();
         }
@@ -269,9 +269,7 @@ impl Scanner {
     }
 
     fn match_next(&mut self, expected: char) -> bool {
-        if self.is_at_end() {
-            false
-        } else if self.chars[self.current] != expected {
+        if self.is_at_end() || self.chars[self.current] != expected{
             false
         } else {
             self.current += 1;
@@ -306,20 +304,19 @@ struct Scanner {
     new_line: bool,
 }
 
-fn is_digit(c: char) -> bool {
-    c >= '0' && c <= '9'
-}
 
 fn is_digit_or_scientific(c: char) -> bool {
-    is_digit(c) || c == 'e' || c == 'E'
+    c.is_ascii_digit() || c == 'e' || c == 'E'
 }
 
 fn is_alphanumeric(c: char) -> bool {
-    is_alpha(c) || is_digit(c)
+    is_alpha(c) ||  c.is_ascii_digit()
 }
 
 fn is_alpha(c: char) -> bool {
-    (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || c == '_' || c == '$'
+    // (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || c == '_' || c == '$'
+    // ('a'..='z').contains(&c) || ('A'..='Z').contains(&c) || c == '_' || c == '$'
+    c.is_ascii_lowercase() || c.is_ascii_uppercase() || c == '_' || c == '$'
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/symbol_builder.rs b/src/symbol_builder.rs
index abda27a..7d9d617 100644
--- a/src/symbol_builder.rs
+++ b/src/symbol_builder.rs
@@ -70,31 +70,6 @@ pub fn build(path: &str, ast: &[Statement], symbols: &mut HashMap<String, Symbol
     }
 }
 
-pub fn _add_types(
-    path: &str,
-    ast: &[Statement],
-    symbols: &mut HashMap<String, Symbol>,
-) -> Result<(), CompilerError> {
-    for statement in ast {
-        match statement {
-            Statement::VarStmt {
-                name,
-                var_type,
-                initializer,
-            } => {
-                let inferred_type = infer_type(initializer, symbols);
-                let calculated_type = calculate_type(var_type, &inferred_type)?;
-                let entry = symbols.get_mut(&format!("{}.{}", path, name.lexeme));
-                if let Some(Symbol::Variable { var_type, .. }) = entry {
-                    *var_type = calculated_type;
-                }
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        }
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 pub fn calculate_type(
     declared_type: &TokenType,
     inferred_type: &TokenType,
@@ -157,42 +132,40 @@ pub fn infer_type(expr: &Expression, symbols: &HashMap<String, Symbol>) -> Token
                     Integer => I64,
                     _ => left_type,
                 }
+            } else if let Plus = operator.token_type {
+                // includes string concatenation with numbers
+                // followed by type coercion to 64 bits for numeric types
+                debug!("coerce {} : {}", left_type, right_type);
+                match (left_type, right_type) {
+                    (_, StringType) => StringType,
+                    (StringType, _) => StringType,
+                    (FloatingPoint, _) => F64,
+                    (Integer, FloatingPoint) => F64,
+                    (Integer, _) => I64,
+                    (I64, Integer) => I64,
+                    (F64, _) => F64,
+                    (U64, U32) => U64,
+                    (I64, I32) => I64,
+                    // could add a date and a duration. future work
+                    // could add a List and a value. also future work
+                    // could add a Map and a tuple. Will I add tuple types? Future work!
+                    _ => panic!("Unexpected coercion"),
+                }
+                // could have done some fall through here, but this will fail less gracefully,
+                // so if my thinking is wrong or incomplete it will panic
             } else {
-                if let Plus = operator.token_type {
-                    // includes string concatenation with numbers
-                    // followed by type coercion to 64 bits for numeric types
-                    debug!("coerce {} : {}", left_type, right_type);
-                    match (left_type, right_type) {
-                        (_, StringType) => StringType,
-                        (StringType, _) => StringType,
-                        (FloatingPoint, _) => F64,
-                        (Integer, FloatingPoint) => F64,
-                        (Integer, _) => I64,
-                        (I64, Integer) => I64,
-                        (F64, _) => F64,
-                        (U64, U32) => U64,
-                        (I64, I32) => I64,
-                        // could add a date and a duration. future work
-                        // could add a List and a value. also future work
-                        // could add a Map and a tuple. Will I add tuple types? Future work!
-                        _ => panic!("Unexpected coercion"),
-                    }
-                    // could have done some fall through here, but this will fail less gracefully,
-                    // so if my thinking is wrong or incomplete it will panic
-                } else {
-                    // type coercion to 64 bits for numeric types
-                    debug!("coerce {} : {}", left_type, right_type);
-                    match (left_type, right_type) {
-                        (FloatingPoint, _) => F64,
-                        (Integer, FloatingPoint) => F64,
-                        (Integer, I64) => I64,
-                        (I64, FloatingPoint) => F64,
-                        (F64, _) => F64,
-                        (U64, U32) => U64,
-                        (I64, I32) => I64,
-                        (I64, Integer) => I64,
-                        _ => panic!("Unexpected coercion"),
-                    }
+                // type coercion to 64 bits for numeric types
+                debug!("coerce {} : {}", left_type, right_type);
+                match (left_type, right_type) {
+                    (FloatingPoint, _) => F64,
+                    (Integer, FloatingPoint) => F64,
+                    (Integer, I64) => I64,
+                    (I64, FloatingPoint) => F64,
+                    (F64, _) => F64,
+                    (U64, U32) => U64,
+                    (I64, I32) => I64,
+                    (I64, Integer) => I64,
+                    _ => panic!("Unexpected coercion"),
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/vm.rs b/src/vm.rs
index 077d146..78b315a 100644
--- a/src/vm.rs
+++ b/src/vm.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ use arc_swap::Guard;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use tracing::debug;
-use crate::builtins::builtin_functions::call_builtin;
 
 pub struct Vm {
     ip: usize,
@@ -206,17 +205,14 @@ impl Vm {
                     let receiver_type_name = chunk.constants[function_type_index].to_string();
 
                     let receiver = self.pop();
-
                     let num_args = self.read(chunk);
-
                     let mut args = vec![];
                     for _ in 0..num_args {
                         let arg = self.pop();
                         args.push(arg);
                     }
                     args.reverse();
-
-                    let return_value = call_builtin(&receiver_type_name, &function_name, receiver, args)?;
+                    let return_value = crate::builtins::call(&receiver_type_name, &function_name, receiver, args)?;
                     self.push(return_value);
                 }
                 OP_CALL => {